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Stroke and TIAs (Transient Ischaemic Attacks)

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Stroke is the third most common cause of death after heart disease and cancer. While you may be aware of the symptoms of a heart attack and the importance of calling 999 if you suspect one, do you know that a stroke is the equivalent of a ‘brain attack’ and so requires prompt action too?

Spot the signs of a stroke happening

Here we explain how to recognise the symptoms and what to do if you think someone is having a stroke. We also look the causes of a stroke, treatment and support available to help you after a stroke and suggest where you can go for more specialist information and support.

You can also learn more about how your lifestyle affects your chance of having a stroke and steps to take to reduce your risk of having one.

What is a stroke?

A stroke is caused when the blood supply to your brain is cut off or reduced. As a result, brain cells are deprived of oxygen and other nutrients in the blood and this quickly causes damage or death to cells in parts of the brain.

There are two types of stroke:
Ischemic stroke – this is caused when a blood clot blocks a main artery in your brain.  Around 17 out of 20 strokes are of this type.

Haemorrhagic stroke – this is caused when a weakened artery in your brain bursts. This allows blood to seep out and press on your brain. It also prevents blood and oxygen reaching other parts of the brain.

The effects of a stroke depend on:

  • how long your brain is deprived of oxygen
  • whereabouts in your brain the artery becomes blocked and
  • the functions of the affected part of the brain.

A ‘mini’ stroke or to use its medical term - transient ischemic attack (TIA) has similar symptoms to a stroke but they may last only a few minutes or hours and disappear completely within 24 hours. However don’t ignore this, as it may be a warning sign of a more serious stroke to come.

We are grateful for the generous support of Dr Naim Dangoor CBE
and the Exilarch Foundation

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Age UK Advice:
0800 169 6565
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Useful websites

  • The NHS Direct website lets you learn more about your health through its A-Z encyclopaedia, and you can also search in your own time for local NHS services such as dentists, pharmacies or support groups in your area.

  • The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has produced guidance on the early assessment and treatment of NHS patients

  • DirectGov provides information on more than 100 topics covering all aspects of healthy living and advice on coping with long-term health conditions as well as the NHS and health services

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