Blog: Is social connection the key to wellbeing in later life?

Welcome to our new series of Research Café blogs. In these aticles we’ll explore the research evidence about what helps us enjoy good wellbeing and health in later years.  We’re starting with one of the most important - social connection.

The finding that loneliness is a health hazard on a par with heavy smoking has made headlines in recent years.  But what is it about connecting with other people that helps prevent poor health?

Science tells us that social connection is basic need for human beings.  For instance, researchers in China found that people who had companionship and a psychologically pleasant environment aged more slowly in body and mind compared to those who didn’t.  Another study found that acute social isolation can trigger cravings in your brain akin to hunger.  And research from Stanford University suggests that having a strong social connection in your life can strengthen your immune system, help you recover from disease faster, and may even lengthen your life.

All well and good, but what if you don’t have close relationships with family or friends?  The evidence is that there may nonetheless be opportunities for you to gain the health benefits.

1. Talking to strangers

A recent study showed that people consistently overestimate how awkward interactions with strangers will be. Overall, conversations between strangers felt less awkward, and created more connectedness and happiness, than the participants themselves expected.  The ‘strangers in a ball pool’ video here illustrates this well.

(19) Strangers Try to Make New Friends in a Ball Pit | Sit in Our Pit - YouTube

So, try smiling and saying hello to people you encounter in your community. If they respond in kind, perhaps a conversation would benefit you both.  A note of caution -  the human need for social connection can be preyed on by confidence tricksters, so a read of our Avoiding Scams guide is also recommended.

2. Cultivating kindness

Our personalities aren’t fixed.  We can make ourselves kinder, and research says doing that helps us connect with others and be healthier and happier.  Try to give genuine compliments more often – studies suggest you’ll find it less awkward than you think, and it will give both you and the person you complement a boost.  Try to listen non-judgementally, as showing empathy deepens social connection. 

Give of your time. Research shows volunteering is likely to boost your health and wellbeing, but if it’s not for you then small kindnesses such as offering a cuppa or sharing a smile can also uplift you.  Regularly think about and write down who and what you feel grateful for in life.  Studies suggest that, done regularly, gratitude practices lay the groundwork for better social connection.

3. Be a joiner

Research shows we can bond through shared activities such as movement (dance, fitness classes and other forms of physical activity), music (playing, listening, participating), through food (cooking, eating, sharing knowledge) and more.  Some studies suggest intergenerational activities can have particular health benefits.

Our Community Connecting service, available through the Age Scotland helpline 0800 12 44 222, can help you find and connect with local opportunities that match your interests and situation.